Харчування як важлива складова лікування та реабілітації онкологічних пацієнтів
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15574/HW.2020.149.15Ключові слова:
антиканцерогенні продукти, дієта, нутритивна підтримка, онкологічний хворий, профілактика раку, харчуванняАнотація
У статті розглянуто важливість нутритивної підтримки для онкологічних хворих. Висока частота недостатності харчування і порушення процесів усмоктування макро- та мікронутрієнтів в онкологічних хворих, що у своєму максимальному прояві призводять до синдрому анорексії-кахексії. Це є безпосередньою причиною смерті пацієнта.
Прогресування пухлинного процесу завжди супроводжується порушенням нутритивного статусу, що приводить до зміни маси тіла, слабкості, зменшення фізичної активності, порушень з боку травної системи. Вважається, що близько половині пов’язаних з раком смертей можна запобігти, багатьом з яких – завдяки дієті та способу життя. Дієтичні фактори можуть брати участь в ініціації росту пухлини (канцерогени) або володіти протективною активністю внаслідок розвитку раку. Тому нутритивна підтримка – це одна з важливих складових мультидисциплінарного підходу у лікуванні окнопатології.
На підставі проведеного аналізу літератури для практичного лікаря визначені основні завдання нутритивної підтримки, показання до застосування, методи та критерії ефективності лікувального харчування. Також наведений короткий огляд дієт, які використовуються онкологічними пацієнтами, і складений список антиканцерогенних продуктів.
Посилання
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